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POSSIBLE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF THE FIRST NARAVÉ PIGArchaeological findings concur that the earliest evidence of permanent human occupation
in Vanuatu comes from a site on Malo, an island off the southeast coast of Espiritu Santo.
This area was first settled around 1400 B.C. by the peoples of the Lapita culture and
along with them in their canoes they brought a unique style of pottery, subsistence
vegetables and domestic animals such as poultry, dogs and pigs(9). It is not hard to
believe that through years of isolation, particularly on an island the size of Malo (17
km. long and 13 km. wide), some degree of inbreeding must have occurred. It was perhaps as
a result of one of these close matings that the first intersexual pig appeared. Through
successive generations, and because of the value placed on this "unique" pig, it
was no doubt recognized by these intelligent people, that even though the intersexes
themselves were incapable of perpetuating their own kind, certain female pigs (the
falé-ravé as they came to be called) occasionally produced these intersexual offspring
while others did not. In addition to the dam of the Naravé, occasionally a female sibling
of the intersex becomes a Naravé producer herself. Thus the sows carrying the genes were
also highly valued and as a result of artificial selection, this small obscure bit of
Melanesia now has, by far, the greatest ratio of porcine intersexuality yet discovered.
Because of the rarity of this sexual aberration, and the fact that these pigs could
produce the highly valued curved tusks, these pigs became prized possessions in the
cultures that practiced "Nimangki" or grade-taking. It was from this time that
the people of Malo Island began purposefully breeding a pig that could help them to more
swiftly achieve the status of chief, as well as being important monetarily in trade with
the people of neighboring islands. It is also a fact that Malo, in time, became the center
of a trade route connecting northern coastal Malakula with the main island of Santo and
Tangoa Island(12). This trade route enlarged to include much of northern Vanuatu. It was
along these routes that pandanus leaves, shell money, and domesticated animals were
readily traded. It is my contention that the very first Naravé pigs were systematically
bred on Malo Island, and then distributed throughout the northern islands of the
Archipelago during trading sessions in return for goods and services. Further evidence of
this could be obtained from the DNA of skin samples of intersexes from several remote
areas of Vanuatu to ascertain their relationship, if any, to each other. |